The purpose here is to help identify the microstructures in steel using simple techniques based on the atomic mechanisms by which phases grow from austenite. Apart from their aesthetic beauty, microstructures become meaningful when examined in the context of their metallurgical theory.
The symbols used to represent each phase are as follows:
| Phase | Symbol |
|---|---|
| Austenite | γ |
| Allotriomorphic ferrite | α |
| Idiomorphic ferrite | αI |
| Pearlite | P |
| Widmanstätten ferrite | αw |
| Upper bainite | αb |
| Lower bainite | αlb |
| Acicular ferrite | αa |
| Martensite | α' |
| Cementite | θ |
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